GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communications. It is the most popular digital mobile phone system in Europe. Many people rely on GSM for their communication needs.
This system allows users to connect easily. Additionally, it provides clear calls and data services. Overall, GSM is a standard that ensures reliable mobile communication.
What is a GSM System?
The GSM system is a second-generation digital mobile communication system. It uses radio cells to overcome issues found in analog systems.
This system focuses on voice transmission and relies on circuit switching.
Unlike GPRS, which uses packet switching, circuit switching keeps resources busy during the entire call. As a result, pricing is based on the time used for communication.
Features
All GSM networks are divided into four primary sections;
- MS (Mobile Station)
- BSS (Base Station)
- NSS (Network and Switching Subsystem)
- OSS (Support and Operation Subsystems)
GSM offers several valuable telephony services. These include caller ID and call forwarding. Additionally, users can enjoy call waiting. It also supports busy user call termination.
Furthermore, closed user groups are available. Each of these features enhances communication. Overall, these services make connecting easier and more efficient.
1. MS (Mobile Station)
A mobile phone has two key components: the device and the SIM card. The SIM, or Subscriber Identity Module, is a small smart card. It fits inside the mobile phone.
This card enables users to access the services from their network operator. Without a SIM, the phone won’t work.
The network will be unavailable, and you won’t be able to make calls or use data. Thus, the SIM card is essential for your mobile device to function correctly.
2. BSS (Base Station)
In addition to being responsible for transmission and reception, it serves to connect mobile stations to the NSS.
Like MS, these are made up of two different elements.
- BTS (Base Transceiver Station)
- BSC (Base Station Controller)
3. NSS (Network and Switching Subsystem)
This system is responsible for managing the communication between different users of the network.
To do this job, NSS is divided into seven different components, each with a role within the network:
- MSC (Mobile Services Switching Center)
It is the central component of NSS and is responsible for performing switching tasks within the network and providing connectivity to other networks.
- GMSC (Gateway Mobile Services Switching Center)
A gateway connects two networks. It acts as a translator device. This device can be software or hardware. Its main job is to facilitate communication.
It helps different networks understand each other’s protocols. Moreover, gateways ensure smooth data flow. By doing this, they enhance network reliability. Overall, a gateway is essential for effective communication between networks.
The role of the GMSC is to transform communication between fixed telephone networks and GSM networks and provide services.
- HLR (Home Location Register)
HLR is a database containing information about users connected to a particular MSC. Among the data stored by HLR, there is basically the user’s location and the services they have access to.
- VLR (Visitor Location Register)
It contains all the information a user needs to access network services and is part of the HLR with which it shares functionality.
- AuC (Authentication Center)
It provides the necessary parameters for user authentication within the network and is also responsible for supporting encryption functions.
- EIR (Equipment Identity Register)
EIR is used in GSM networks to provide security at the current equipment level. It also has a database containing all terminals that are valid for use in the network.
- GIWU (GSM Interworking Unit)
It acts as a communication interface between different networks for data communication.
4. OSS (Support and Operation Subsystems)
OSS connects to different NSS and BSCs to control and monitor the entire GSM network.
GSM Pricing System
Charges for using the GSM network depend on the service and provider.
The pricing system includes costs related to voice or data communication. These costs cover the establishment of communication and the duration of the call.
Depending on the network operator, various factors influence pricing. For instance, there may be fees for call establishment and maintenance.
Additionally, costs can include a fixed rate or a variable rate based on the time of day. Prices might also change depending on the specific period.
Overall, understanding these factors helps customers make informed choices.
TolgaBagci
Hi, I'm Tolga, a computer expert with 20 years of experience. I help fix computer issues with things like hardware, systems, networks, virtualization, servers, and operating systems. Check out my website for helpful info, and feel free to ask me anything. Keep yourself in the loop about the newest technologies!